Friday, October 9, 2020

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

 

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 13,1919)

  • A large crowd of people had gathered in the small park to protest against the arrest of their leader Saifuddin Kitchlew & Satyapal.
  • The army surrounded the gathering under order from General Dyer & block only exit point & opened fire on the unarmed crowd killing around 1000 people.
  • By this incident, the entire nation was stunned.
  • Rabindranath Tagore renounced his Knighthood in protest.
  • Gandhi withdrew the movement April 18, 1919.

 


Rowlatt Act

 Rowlatt Act

  • This act was passed on the recommendations of Sedition Committee chaired by Sir Sydney Rowlatt.
  • This act had been hurriedly passed in the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition of the Indian members.
  • It gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities & allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.

 

 

Satyagraha Against the Rowlatt Act – 1919 (First mass Strike)

  • The government came out with the reprssive “Rowlatt Act” which the nationalist tooks as an insult.
  • Then Gandhi called a nationwide protest in February 1919.
  • Gandhi organized a Satyagraha Sabha & roped in younger member of Home Rule League & Pan Islamist.
  • The forms of protest finally chosen a nationwide strike accompained by fasting & Prayer; Civil disobedience against specific laws & courting; imprisonment.
  • Satyagraha was launched on Aprl 16, 1919 but before that there was large scale violent, anti-British demonstration in Calcutta, Bombay, Delhi, Ahmedabad etc.
  • Especially in Punjab, the situation had become very explosive due to war time repression, army had to b called in.
  • Aprl 13,1919 saw the biggest & the most violent anti-British upsurge since 1857 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.e.

Thursday, October 8, 2020

Timeline of Modern History

 

Timeline of Modern History

S.NO.

YEAR

EVENTS

IMPORTANCE

1.

1757-1760

Sirajuddaulah

Battle of Plassey

2.

1760-1764

Mir Qasim

Battlle of Buxar

CARNATIC WARS

3.

1746-48

1st Anglo- French War

Treaty of Aix-la-chapelle

4.

1749-54

2nd Anglo- French War

Treaty of Pondicherry

5.

1758-63

3rd Anglo- French War

Treaty of Paris

FREEDOM STRUGGLE

6.

1857

First War of Independence

or The Revolt of 1857

Revolt due to socio-religious & economic causes

7.

1885

Formation of Congress (INC)

A.O. Hume; Surendranath Banerjee; Ananda Mohan Bose

8.

1885-1905

Moderate Phase

Dominated by Dadabhai Naoroji; Surendranath Banerjee

9.

1905-1917

Extreimist Phase

Dominated By Lal-Bal-Pal & Aurbindo ghosh

10.

1905

Bengal Partition

Curzon announcd the partition

11.

1905-08

Swadeshi Movement

Boycott of foreign Prduct

12.

1906

Muslim League formed

 

13.

1906

Clacutta Session of INC

First time Dadabhai Naoroji said that, “Swarajya is the aim of Congress”

14.

15th Aug. 1906

National Council of Education

 

15.

1907

Surat Split in congress

Moderates & Extremists

16.

1909

Morey-Minto reforms

Separate electorate for muslim

17.

1914-1918

First World War

 

18.

1914

Kamagata Maru incident

British India attempted to immigrate to CANADA

19.

1915-1916

Home rule movement

BG Tilak & Annie Besant

20.

1916

Lucknow Pact

Pact b/w congress & league

GANDHIAN ERA

21.

1893-1914

Gandhi in South Africa

Foundation of Natal Indian Congress; Satyagraha & CDM against British excess.

22.

1915

Arrived in Bombay

 

23.

1917

Chamaparan satyagraha

 

24.

1918

Ahmedabad Mill Strike

 

25.

1918

Kheda Satyagrah

 

26.

1919

Rowlatt Act

Gandhi gave a call for Rowlatt Satyagraha

27.

1919

JallianwalaBagh Massacre

 

28.

1920-22

Non-Cooperation Movement & Khilafat Movement

Hindu Muslim Unity

29.

1922

Chauri-Chaura Incident

Gandhi stop Non-Cooperation Movement

30.

1924

Belagum Session

Gandhi elected as Congress President

31.

Aug. 1925

Kakori Conspiracy

 

32.

1927

Simon commission

All white commission to review the 1919 act.

33.

1928

Nehru Committee report

To determine the principle of constitution.

34.

1929

Jinnah’s 14 point

 

35.

1929

Lahore Session

Purna Swaraj

36.

1930

Civil Disobedience Movement

Dandi March

37.

1931

Gandhi-Irwin Pact

To ask Gandhi to participate the 2nd RTC.

38.

1931

2nd RTC held in London

 

39.

1932

Communal Award

 

40.

1932

Poona Pact

 

41.

1935

GOI Act

Provisonal Autonomy

42.

1937

18th Month rule of congress begins

 

43.

1939-45

World War IInd

 

44.

1939

Congress ministries resign

 

45.

1940

August offer

Linlithgow proposed to seek India`s cooperation in the world war.

46.

1941

Individual Satyagrah

 

47.

1942

Cripps Mission

 

48.

1942

Quit India movement

 

49.

1943

Gandhi’s 21 day fast

 

50.

1944

CR Formula

 

51.

1945

Wavell Plan & Shimla conference

 

52.

1945

INA Trails

 

53.

1946

RIN Ratings Mutiny

 

54.

1946

Cabinet mission Plan

 

55.

1946

Formation of Interim Govt.

 

56.

1946

Formation of constituent assembly

 

57.

1947

Atlee’s announcement

 

58.

1947

Mountbatteen’s Plan

 

59.

1947

Indian Independence Act