Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

 

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 13,1919)

• A large crowd of people had gathered in the small park to protest against the arrest of their leader Saifuddin Kitchlew & Satyapal.
• The army surrounded the gathering under order from General Dyer & block only exit point & opened fire on the unarmed crowd killing around 1000 people.
• By this incident, the entire nation was stunned.
• Rabindranath Tagore renounced his Knighthood in protest.
• Gandhi withdrew the movement April 18, 1919.

 

Rowlatt Act

 Rowlatt Act

• This act was passed on the recommendations of Sedition Committee chaired by Sir Sydney Rowlatt.
• This act had been hurriedly passed in the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition of the Indian members.
• It gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities & allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.

 

 

Satyagraha Against the Rowlatt Act – 1919 (First mass Strike)

• The government came out with the reprssive “Rowlatt Act” which the nationalist tooks as an insult.
• Then Gandhi called a nationwide protest in February 1919.
• Gandhi organized a Satyagraha Sabha & roped in younger member of Home Rule League & Pan Islamist.
• The forms of protest finally chosen a nationwide strike accompained by fasting & Prayer; Civil disobedience against specific laws & courting; imprisonment.
• Satyagraha was launched on Aprl 16, 1919 but before that there was large scale violent, anti-British demonstration in Calcutta, Bombay, Delhi, Ahmedabad etc.
• Especially in Punjab, the situation had become very explosive due to war time repression, army had to b called in.
• Aprl 13,1919 saw the biggest & the most violent anti-British upsurge since 1857 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.e.

Timeline of Modern History

 

Timeline of Modern History

S.NO.		YEAR	EVENTS		IMPORTANCE
1.		1757-1760	Sirajuddaulah		Battle of Plassey
2.		1760-1764	Mir Qasim		Battlle of Buxar
CARNATIC WARS
3.		1746-48	1st Anglo- French War		Treaty of Aix-la-chapelle
4.		1749-54	2nd Anglo- French War		Treaty of Pondicherry
5.		1758-63	3rd Anglo- French War		Treaty of Paris
FREEDOM STRUGGLE
6.	1857		First War of Independence or The Revolt of 1857	Revolt due to socio-religious & economic causes
7.	1885		Formation of Congress (INC)	A.O. Hume; Surendranath Banerjee; Ananda Mohan Bose
8.	1885-1905		Moderate Phase	Dominated by Dadabhai Naoroji; Surendranath Banerjee
9.	1905-1917		Extreimist Phase	Dominated By Lal-Bal-Pal & Aurbindo ghosh
10.	1905		Bengal Partition	Curzon announcd the partition
11.	1905-08		Swadeshi Movement	Boycott of foreign Prduct
12.	1906		Muslim League formed
13.	1906		Clacutta Session of INC	First time Dadabhai Naoroji said that, “Swarajya is the aim of Congress”
14.	15th Aug. 1906		National Council of Education
15.	1907		Surat Split in congress	Moderates & Extremists
16.	1909		Morey-Minto reforms	Separate electorate for muslim
17.	1914-1918		First World War
18.	1914		Kamagata Maru incident	British India attempted to immigrate to CANADA
19.	1915-1916		Home rule movement	BG Tilak & Annie Besant
20.	1916		Lucknow Pact	Pact b/w congress & league
GANDHIAN ERA
21.	1893-1914		Gandhi in South Africa	Foundation of Natal Indian Congress; Satyagraha & CDM against British excess.
22.	1915		Arrived in Bombay
23.	1917		Chamaparan satyagraha
24.	1918		Ahmedabad Mill Strike
25.	1918		Kheda Satyagrah
26.	1919		Rowlatt Act	Gandhi gave a call for Rowlatt Satyagraha
27.	1919		JallianwalaBagh Massacre
28.	1920-22		Non-Cooperation Movement & Khilafat Movement	Hindu Muslim Unity
29.	1922		Chauri-Chaura Incident	Gandhi stop Non-Cooperation Movement
30.	1924		Belagum Session	Gandhi elected as Congress President
31.	Aug. 1925		Kakori Conspiracy
32.	1927		Simon commission	All white commission to review the 1919 act.
33.	1928		Nehru Committee report	To determine the principle of constitution.
34.	1929		Jinnah’s 14 point
35.	1929		Lahore Session	Purna Swaraj
36.	1930		Civil Disobedience Movement	Dandi March
37.	1931		Gandhi-Irwin Pact	To ask Gandhi to participate the 2nd RTC.
38.	1931		2nd RTC held in London
39.	1932		Communal Award
40.	1932		Poona Pact
41.	1935		GOI Act	Provisonal Autonomy
42.	1937		18th Month rule of congress begins
43.	1939-45		World War IInd
44.	1939		Congress ministries resign
45.	1940		August offer	Linlithgow proposed to seek India`s cooperation in the world war.
46.	1941		Individual Satyagrah
47.	1942		Cripps Mission
48.	1942		Quit India movement
49.	1943		Gandhi’s 21 day fast
50.	1944		CR Formula
51.	1945		Wavell Plan & Shimla conference
52.	1945		INA Trails
53.	1946		RIN Ratings Mutiny
54.	1946		Cabinet mission Plan
55.	1946		Formation of Interim Govt.
56.	1946		Formation of constituent assembly
57.	1947		Atlee’s announcement
58.	1947		Mountbatteen’s Plan
59.	1947		Indian Independence Act